By Bloomberg News
Jan. 11 (Bloomberg) -- China supplanted the U.S. as the world’s largest auto market after its 2009 vehicle sales jumped 46 percent, ending more than a century of American dominance that started with the Model T Ford.
The nation’s sales of passenger cars, buses and trucks rose to 13.6 million, the fastest pace in at least 10 years, according to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers. In the U.S., sales slumped 21 percent to 10.4 million, the fewest since 1982, according to Autodata Corp.
China’s vehicle sales have surged since 1999 as economic growth averaging more than 9 percent a year has helped automakers including General Motors Co. and Volkswagen AG compensate for slumping demand in the U.S. and Europe. The market will likely remain the world’s largest, even as sales slow this year on a reduction in tax cuts, according to Booz & Co.
“China is becoming the center stage of development for the 21st century global auto industry,” said Bill Russo, a Beijing- based senior adviser at Booz & Co., which advises automakers. “Economic growth has directly translated into growth in automobile sales.”
December sales of passenger cars, trucks and buses rose 92 percent to 1.4 million. For the whole of 2009, passenger-car sales rose 53 percent to 10.3 million.
‘Rising Challenges’
“The incredible growth rate last year is not going to be repeated in 2010,” said Yu Bing, an analyst at Pingan Securities Co. in Shanghai. “Automakers will face rising challenges in China this year with slower demand growth and increasing competition.”
China’s government last year halved the sales tax on new vehicles to 5 percent and offered 5 billion yuan ($732 million) in cash to replace old ones, insulating the country from slumping global demand. The Chinese government announced plans on Dec. 10 to scale back the measures, including raising the tax on new vehicles with engines of 1.6 liters or smaller to 7.5 percent.
Vehicle Ownership
China’s vehicle ownership climbed to 51 million by the end of 2008 from 1 million in 1977. Per capital disposable income for Chinese households increased 46-fold in nominal terms during the period, also making the country the world’s biggest markets for products such as cell phones, beer and microwave ovens.
GM and Volkswagen have targeted growing Chinese demand to compensate for slumping sales in the U.S. and Europe.
GM, the biggest overseas automaker in China, said on Jan. 4 that its Chinese sales rose 67 percent last year to a record 1.83 million vehicles. Shanghai General Motors Co. sold 727,620 cars last year, an increase of 63 percent. GM sold 1 percent stake in Shanghai GM in December to partner SAIC Motor Corp., China’s largest domestic automaker. The $84.5 million deal will leave GM with a 49 percent stake in the venture.
Sales at SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., China’s largest minivan maker, rose 64 percent to 1.1 million vehicles, accounting for about 60 percent of GM’s China sales. The minivans are sold for as little as $4,000 each.
China Investment
Ford Motor Co. is spending $490 million on a third plant in China, while Volkswagen plans to invest 4 billion euros ($5.7 billion) in the country by 2011. Seoul-based Hyundai intends to build a third Chinese factory as it aims to boost local capacity by 50 percent to 900,000 vehicles a year by 2011.
China had 117 automakers at the end of 2008, according to the automobile association, raising the possibility of overcapacity. Automakers should “keep their heads cool” to prevent expanding production beyond demand, Chen Bin, who oversees regulation of China’s auto industry at the National Development and Reform Commission, said last year.
Henry Ford introduced the Model T in 1908 as the world’s first automobile affordable for a mass market. The car was produced at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, helping the city become synonymous with the auto industry. GM, also based in the city, grew into the world’s largest automaker.
The U.S. has since lost out to Asian carmakers producing cheaper and more fuel-efficient models. Toyota Motor Corp. ended GM’s 77-year reign as the biggest automaker in 2008. General Motors Corp. and Chrysler also both filed for bankruptcy as the worst recession since the Great Depression sapped auto sales.
--Tian Ying. Editor: Patrick Harrington, Neil Denslow
To contact Bloomberg News staff for this story: Tian Ying in Beijing at +86-10-6649-7571 or ytian@bloomberg.net
Last Updated: January 11, 2010 04:02 EST
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